PowerPoint Presentation
MTIS
Technology and Food Security – New Opportunities...New Jobs
Dr. Arthur W. Martin
Economic latitude for the region – Access to capital and technology infrastructure build out to grow the agricultural sector while ensuring food security and safety
Food Security in the Caribbean is not about quantity but the access to quality food at an affordable cost
Ensuring people have healthy, nutritious food that is free from contamination and degradation
Ensuring all people across the region have access to sufficient food to meet their dietary needs
Security
Safety
Opportunity &
The belief structure is having singular focused monopolistic GDP. That needs to change….the effect of COVID-19 is a warning sign for more innovation, resiliency and
Economic Growth
Sovereignty Empowering people to make their own choices about the food they eat, where it comes from and how it is produced
diversification In food supply
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Executive Summary
Technology and Food Safety through “smart” advanced agricultural practices will transform the region
Historical perspectives and culture - The vestiges of colonialism remains a distraction for embracing
agricultural needs….a new technological platform will lift those burdens and create changed attitudes. We
should begin grow your own campaigns.
Innovative Government Policy… governments of the OEC and the region should invest in agriculture for more secure food and engender a new economy
Infrastructure & Climate Change …investment in clean sustainable energy, water, biodiversity and
infrastructure
Health & Wellness obesity and other chronic illnesses are problem to the health of Caribbean workers and a
stress on the economy
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Executive Summary Cont’d
Technology and Food Safety through “smart” advanced agricultural practices will transform the region
Education It will require workforce development and educational opportunities and shifting priorities in education to enhance STEM Education
Agro-tourism it will boost revenue from the hospitality industry (hotels and cruise ship) A ship that carries
3,500 passengers consume 170,000 pounds of fresh fruits and vegetables per cruise ship (CNN Travel)
Expansion of Banking - Investment banking, commercial banking and personal banking opportunities will expand
Managing Human Capital – After years of colonialism the regions have not figured out innovative ways of
how to manage their own human capital to become efficient and self –sufficient
Economic Development ……New job creation, diversification of the economy and additive
GDP
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Facing the Reality of Food Security in the Region (A diagnostic Approach)
Food insecurity, the region can use emerging technologies to address the problem as well while creating a new economy
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Facing The Reality of Food Security in The Region (A Diagnostic Approach)
The OECS and other Caribbean region will continue to be major food importers unless they are able to 1) Embrace farming, change the culture of their young population and not be distracted by the scars of agricultural economic slavery
2) Education in nutrition and healthy lifestyles at all educational and institutional levels
3) Use the latest technology platform to advance agriculture
At the 31st CARICOM Inter-Sessional meeting, which concluded on February 20, 2020 in Barbados CARICOM Chairman and Barbados Prime Minister, the Honourable Mia Mottley, said “We believe that the people of the region, in the
course of the next few years, can see a Caribbean that is committed to feeding themselves.”
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Facing The Reality of Food Security in The Region (A Diagnostic Approach)
Cultivating a Culture of Agriculture: Are Caribbean youth up to the challenge ? November 2, 2014 by Rachel Boyce
By the time we reach first grade in the Caribbean, teachers are asking what we want to be when we grow up. We frequently raise our hands and shout “doctor, lawyer or engineer,” but how many considered the agriculture sector? This might be a good time to think about it. As CARICOM nations look for ways to curb their $4.75 billion (U.S.) in yearly food imports, regional fishing and agriculture initiatives are on the rise. “Farming is not about a cutlass, holding a hoe with dripping sweat and brown dirty uniform. There is a significant change with the advent of emerging technology to create highly skilled jobs and better aesthetics for the Caribbean youth” by Dr. Arthur Martin
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Facing The Reality of Food Security in The Region (A Diagnostic Approach)
Sensationalized and dramatic incidence of food shortages and hunger seen especially in parts of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa is absent from the Caribbean
• The consequence is underestimation of the problem of food insecurity in the region and a complacent attitude.
• Serious doubt to the extent to which there is accurate knowledge and full understanding of food security in the region.
• Food security in the Caribbean is at best precarious. These realities include impact of
Climate change and the ubiquitous natural hazards The decline in local food production in the region The growing dependence on imported food The estrangement of Caribbean populations from their traditional foods and diets and adoption of North- American style food
• Food security in the Caribbean requires the revitalization of sustainable local food production systems
• The region must re-purpose and enact a serious plan to make agricultural technological development a priorit y
The Caribbean except for Haiti does not have a shortage of food but access to quality
and affordable food
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Data Don’t Lie!!
A statistical Bird Eye View
Of Food insecurity
Technology in Agriculture can be a Game
Changer
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The Correlation between Food Security and Health Care
• The U.S. exported over US$2 billion in U.S. consumer-oriented foods to the Caribbean in 2018
• The region also imported over US$1.4 billion in processed food products in 2018,
• Top U.S. processed food products exported to the Caribbean included: Food preparations Fats and oils
Non-alcoholic sugary beverages Processed/prepared dairy products
Snack foods Beer & wine Condiments & sauces Pasta and processed cereals
https://www.healthycaribbean.org/world-obesity-day-2020/
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The Correlation between Food Security and Health Care
If we don’t act now to produce safe and secure food in the region, we could face a health crisis….an unhealthy work force has proven to be less productive
Grow your own using advance technology
Get Healthier
Create new Jobs
•
Obesity a major drag on the
• health care system - increases the risk of non- communicable diseases , including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease and certain cancers, needing more extensive and costly interventions. • New technology in Agriculture can resolve food security issues as well as economic provide economic growth
https://www.healthycaribbean.org/world-obesity-day-2020/
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Statistics of Agricultural Output in the OECS
Source: https://agricarib.org/products/vegetables
Antigua & Barbuda
Dominica
Grenada
St. Lucia
St. Kitts and Nevis
Items
Tons
Items
Tons
Items
Tons
Items
Tons
Items
Tons
Cabbages
799
Cabbages
68
Cabbages
131
Cabbages
203
Cabbages
203
Tomatoes
220
Tomatoes
477
Lettuce & Chicory
113
Tomatoes
397
Cucumbers
107
Lettuce & Chicory
113
Cucumbers
341
Tomatoes
320
Peppers & greens
61
Cucumbers
385
Cauliflowers & Broccoli
19
Eggplants
395
Tomatoes
320
Carrots & turnips
156
Peppers & greens
86
Eggplants
897
Vegetables & microgreens
107
Pumpkins, squash and gourds
367
Cauliflowers & Broccoli
19
Carrots & turnips
303
Peppers & greens
1409
Sub total
919
Vegetables & microgreens
160
Cucumbers and gherkins
148
Pumpkins, squash and gourds
367
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Carrots & turnips
800
Sub total
1,987
Carrots and turnips
76
Items
Tons
Cucumbers and gherkins
148
Vegetables & microgreens
2300
Vegetables & microgreens
2473
Pumpkins, squash and gourds
263
Carrots and turnips
76
Sub total
3719
Sub total
6,888
Chilies and peppers, green
613
Vegetables & microgreens
2473
Carrots and turnips
569
Sub total
3719
Vegetables & microgreens
4172
Sub total
5617
• Several countries in the OECS will suffer from food insecurity and will have to act now • There is a heavy reliance on import of fresh vegetables and greens or heavy import of process food
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Statistics of Agricultural Output from Larger CARICOM Countries
https://agricarib.org/products/vegetables
Barbados
Bahamas
Haiti
Jamaica
Items
Tons
Items
Tons
Items
Tons
Items
Tons
Cabbages
294
Cabbages
1342
Cabbages
34,584
Cabbages
13,000
Lettuce & Chicory
493
Lettuce & Chicory
111
Lettuce & Chicory
11, 368
Lettuce & Chicory
550
Tomatoes
945
Tomatoes
6151
Cauliflowers and broccoli
2,212
Spinach
1200
Pumpkins, squash and gourds
154
Tomatoes
2600
Pumpkins, squash and gourds
2087
Spinach
15,840
Pumpkins, squash and gourds
600
Cucumbers and gherkins
1188
Tomatoes
29,178
Onions, shallots, green
604
Pumpkins, squash and gourds
52,972
Eggplants and gourds
850
Chilies and peppers, greens
423
Okra
461
Garlics
600
Cucumbers and gherkins
17, 423
Carrots and turnips
90
Vegetables and microgreens
17719
Vegetables and microgreens
123,000
Okra
331
Chilies and peppers, greens
15,204
Sub total
28475
Vegetables and microgreens
4851
Sub total
144,400
Eggplants
481
Sub total
8769
Onions, shallots, green
16,296
Vegetables and microgreens
4851
Sub total
137,034
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Statistics of Total Agricultural Production and Production per Capita in the Caribbean
Tons of Vegetables Produced Annually
Production per Capita (lbs)
Other Countries
160000
Haiti
25.26
OECS Countries
Jamaica
140000
92.55
Bahamas
144.82
120000
Barbados
61.03
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
101.26
100000
St. Lucia
43.33
80000
Grenada
66.10
Dominica
191.37
60000
Antigua & Barbuda Caribbean Countries
40.58
OECS Countries
40000
St. Kitts-Nevis
34.79
20000
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00
Pounds of Vegetables annually Per Capita
0
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
St. Kitts- Nevis
Antigua & Barbuda
Total Ton of Vegetables Produced Annually
Dominica Grenada St. Lucia
Barbados Bahamas Jamaica
Haiti
Series1 919
1987
6888
3719
3978
5617
8769
28475 137034 144000
Countries in The Caribbean
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Statistics of Total Agricultural Production and Production per Capita in the in the Caribbean
Shares of agricultural value added in GDP (2016)
GDP per capita and share of agriculture in GDP (2016)
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Statistics of Agricultural of Export vs. Import in the OECS and Larger Caribbean
Dependence on the United States of America (all agricultural products based on 2016 data)
Plot of Export vs Import for OECS Contries and Other Large Caribbean Islands
Large Island Caribbean States
Small Island Caribbean States
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Share of Total Agriculture (Imports/Exports [%])
Share Exports
Share Imports
http://www.fao.org/3/ca4726en/ca4726en.pdf?eloutlink=imf2fao Food and Agriculture Organizations of The United States Study on the State of Agriculture in the Caribbean
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The Future of Agriculture
Smart Farming:
Digital, Autonomous, Mechanized and Vertical
The smart agriculture market is estimated to grow from USD 13.8 billion in 2020 to USD 22.0 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 9.8%
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The Future of Agriculture- “Smart Farming”
• Business Case
Smart Farming: The Future of Agriculture An emerging concept that refers to managing farms using technologies like IoT, robotics, drones and AI to increase the quantity and quality of products while optimizing the human labor required by production.
Why invest in vegetable production?
The region continues to be self-sufficient in gourds and ground provisions but lacking in greens
Algae Feedstocks
Hydroponics
Arid Land Agriculture
Produce efficiently Using new techniques
Growing demand for organic vegetables which can create premium prices and a niche for the Caribbean trade if standards and protocols are generated and agreed upon
Seawater Farming
Food Processing & Packaging
Bioplastics
Genetic Modification
Use New Technologies to bring food production to consumers increasing efficiencies
Potential to introduce modern farming techniques to increase yields and quality
Vertical/Urban Farming
Cultural Meats
3D Printing
The increased use of technology and innovation can result in higher yields for the small and medium size farmers
Drone Technology Internet of all Things
Nanotechnology Food-sharing and Crowd farming Artificial Intelligence
Cross inter-region and global collaboration – Industry Technologies and Application
Autonomous Vehicle
Data Analytics
Vertical Farms and Green house technology can cater to shortfalls in seasonal supply
Precision Agriculture
Available Today
Readiness to “Grow” Market
Timeline
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Vertical Farming Global Market
• The market is real • The Technology is proven • The cost is not prohibitive
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Smart Farming To Create highly skilled Jobs
Expertise
Job Function
Outcome
Job Creation
• Automation in facilities • (vertical farm, storage etc. • Data acquisition an analysis
Resource water management, soil and weather monitoring, traceability and food safety, market analysis, logistics and quality management Cutting edge equipment can deliver greater productivity and autonomy Food safety technologies can ensure compliance with regulatory requirements
Desk Top Support, Soft Ware Engineering, Hardware Engineering
Information Technologies
• Mobile Applications • Intelligent sensors
• Automation • Flexible devices • Robotics for homogenous task • Monitoring of pathogens • Risk Management • Testing & safety qualification • Quality improvement • Functional ingredients • Operations • Efficient resource and energy • management
Equipment Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Software Engineer Food Scientist, Agronomist, Horticulturist, Microbiologist, Plant Biologist, Gene Biologist Chemical Engineer, Electrical Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Industrial Engineer, Technicians, Operators, Maintenance Engineer, Food Scientist Packaging Engineer, Food Scientist, Graphic Design, Marketing, Chemical Engineer
Equipment
Food Safety
Process improvement for quality and performance
Processing
• Use of active materials for packaging • Sensors and indicators • Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
Packaging for improving shelf life, appearance and enhance food safety
Packaging
• One 10,000 Square feet indoor vertical farm will produce 30-50 New jobs
• Another 40 auxiliary jobs in consulting, marketing, banking and tourism
• Need workforce development and training and prioritization of funding for education at all levels
The Value Proposition for Smart Farming
• One of the highest-yielding farms grows over 350 times more food per square yard than a conventional farm.
• A single two-square meter unit can grow 8,000 plants in a year
• 95% less water than soil-based farms , take up 99.5% less space
• Use zero chemical pesticides
• Need 90% less transportation and use 75% less fertilizer
• All year-round growth, not affected by weather
• Reduce carbon footprint (sustainable agriculture)
• Can plan for future food demands (higher yield) & High Level of food security
Data Available from Agrilyst
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Learn from Friendly Countries such as South Korea who has proven Job Growth From “Smart Farming”
South Korea
A total of 4 smart farms in South Korea with estimated 4,300 jobs over the next few years (by 2022) in the burgeoning smart farming industry.
https://www.futurefarming.com/Smart-farmers/Articles/2018/5/ South-Korea-creates-4300-jobs-in-smart-farm-industry- 283765E/
Aruba
The Government of Aruba has approved a vertical farming project using Canadian company Affinor Growers’ vertical farming technology.
•
LED lamps to illuminate the farm.
• Air conditioning system to circulate and cool the air.
•
Osmotic system to purify water.
•
Fertigation unit, nutrient-rich solution for plants.
•
Pumps to deliver fertilizers to plants.
• Total Energy per m2 of growing area = 65.26
kWh/month
We can duplicate this in OECS Countries – One 10,000 smart farm on 2-3 acres of land can produce 50-100
jobs
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Advance Food Processing
from Local Crops
Or imported raw material
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Advance Food Science & Processing and Job Growth
Nanoscale Reaction Engineers
Nanoscale Reaction Engineers
Job Growth Prospects • Technicians and Engineers • Food Scientist
Nanobiotechnology
Molecular Synthesis
Time and temperature Indicators
Processing
Nanoparticles
Integrity Indicators
• Chemist • Biologist • Software Engineer • Marketing • Sales • Graphic Arts
Nano-emulsions
Food Science & Technology
Freshness Indicators
Nanocomposites
Smart
Packaging
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Active
Packaging
(nutrients)
Free flowing nano- structured materials
Packaging Functions
Sensors and nano-sensors
Production
Research
Marketing
Sales
Scientist & Engineers
Marketing Communication
Engineers, Technicians, operators
Sales
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New Food Processing Technology in agriculture…new opportunities
Utilizing new modern processing technology to ensure food safety & security and create new adjacency markets from raw material food supply
Heat Drying
Freeze Drying
Extraction
Automated Juicing
Powder Milling
Invigorating the manufacturing sector
o Shelf-life, Appearance, Convenience and speed from advanced food processing
Food Processing Technology in Agriculture…New Opportunities
Utilizing new modern processing technology to ensure food safety & security
Shelf-life, Appearance, Convenience and speed from advanced food processing
Environment friendly
Biodegradable
Transparency
Antimicrobial activity
Mechanical Strength
Aroma barrier
Vapor Barrier
Chemical resistance
Food Packaging Materials
Gas Barrier
Heat & UV Resistant
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5G to Bring Highly Skilled Jobs
and Productivity to Agriculture
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The Opportunity is There to Use 5G and IOT to Create New Jobs
Modern technologies which enables the digital transformation of agriculture include: • Integration of automation technology, drones, spectral imagery, and sensors to increase crop yield reduce
• Monitoring a range of parameters for enhanced farm management maximized productivity.
• Agricultural robots and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will increase efficiency, reduced labor and operational expenditures.
• Increased use of livestock biometrics ensures maintenance of livestock health and will have a direct impact on the increase in yield of dairy products.
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The Opportunity is There to Use 5G and IOT to Create New Jobs
Opportunities to renew business models in value chains by connecting producers and consumers in innovative ways.
Digital communication o Revolutionize agriculture by helping farmers work more precisely, efficiently and sustainably. o Data-driven insights can improve decision-making and practices and help increase environmental performance while making the job more attractive to younger generations. o Potential to offer consumers greater transparency as to how their food is produced (safety).
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The Opportunity is There to Use 5G and IOT to Create New Jobs
• Utilizing 5G , farmers can monitor field conditions and be notified when crops need watering, pesticides, or fertilizer.
• 5G can be used to track livestock, piloting agricultural drones and directing self-driving tractors.
Real Time Monitoring
Virtual & Augmented Reality
5G Technology And the Agricultural Sector
Drone Technology
AI Powered Robots
Virtual Consultation & Predictive Maintenance
Data Analytics & Cloud Repository
SMART AGRICULLTURE MONITORING SOLUTIONS TO OPTIMIZE PRODUCTIVITY
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Precision Livestock
Poultry is going Digital
• Sensor designed to measure ammonia and carbon dioxide , a common problem in many hen houses • Unique lighting system using sensors and LED bulbs to create a consistent lighting environment that stimulates better growth efficiencies in birds and also reduces costs. • Blockchain in production safety ensuring traceability of the poultry
• Only 10% of eggs purchased by hotels are sourced locally and zero regionally.
• The two largest expenditures by hotels in the fresh food agricultural sector are fresh fish at $9.4 per day per room and fresh meat at $8.0 per day per room.
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Final Thoughts and Perspectives
• The challenge is to make the agricultural sector and its up and downstream activities competitive through innovation and investment by “smart farming” technologies • Acceptance of highly processed imported food in favor of organic locally grown food has created a health crisis in the region • The perception of farming as a low skilled labor coupled with the psychological scars of economic slavery and the vestiges of colonialism makes traditional agriculture unattractive to this generation
Robot
Robot
Vertical farm
Digital
Vertical farm
• The COVID-19 crisis has further intensified other challenges agriculture faces in five areas: efficiency, resilience, digitization, agility, and sustainability. • The crisis has accentuated the necessity to rapidly adopt smart agriculture • Re-purposing current GDP and allocating financial resources to smart agriculture must be a priority for governments in the region
Drones
Solar Energy
One of the oldest industries must embrace new technological platforms to provide a more secure and safe food supply and usher in new economic opportunity.
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