Background Paper - 4th Growth and Resilience Dialogue
on average. One of the big components that the authors identified was the incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into tradable and non‐tradable sectors. The world has long been experiencing a digital age. Rich countries are more technologically advanced and reaping the productivity gains. While there is a proliferation of digital devices in the ECCU, there has not been a digital revolution of the industries or economy. In the ECCU, firms are not major investors in research and development and therefore need to import the technology from advanced countries to bridge the gap. A great portion of the improvement in productivity experienced in the ECCU is from the adaptation of foreign technologies. Digitalisation of the ECCU, in terms of digital assets, usage and retooling of labour will be a critical determinant of the rate of growth if the economies are to move from behind and have a convergence of productivity levels with more advanced countries. cent of the global GDP will be digitalised. It is for this reason that the countries of the ECCU must adapt and implement a strategy to harness all the potential that the digital economy offers the region. Technology is changing the way the world does business and an example of this is the increasing use of robots, computers and machines for what was once jobs done by humans. This is an important factor for the ECCU as one of its competitive advantages is the cost of labour in the region is relatively low. Notwithstanding significant service orientation of the economies that comprise the ECCU, limited adoption of emerging
were attributed to an external shock that reverberated in the region, reflecting the ECCU’s sensitivity to movements in the global economy, particularly the United States.
Table 1: Demographic Indicators
Per capita income (in dollars)
Area (square km)
Population (thousands)
Country Anguilla Dominica Grenada Montserrat Saint Lucia
91 442 751 344 102 261 539 388
15.2 46,480 95.0 37,010 74.9 15,490 112.1 22,006 5.1 30,109 49.0 42,274 178.7 20,027 110.5 16,435
Antigua and Barbuda
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Source: Country Authorities and ECCB Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
The below target growth rate in the ECCU may be partly a result of the slow pace of technological progress that is limiting its production potential. This is supported by Martin (2017) who found that adopted technology in the ECCU is merely consumed as opposed to retooled or reconfigured for productivity gains. Hodge and Woods (2017) also found that structural reforms in the ECCU could lead to an increase in growth of 1.4 per cent Innovating the ECCU Innovation and disruptive technologies with respect to a digital economy, financial development through modernised payment systems, coupled with the growth of renewable energy sources can have both market‐enabling and market–harnessing effects in the ECCU. This section presents how short‐ to medium‐term responses to the thematic areas can hasten growth and resilience. 3.1 Digital Economy The fourth industrial revolution is rapidly driving transformational disruption across every sector worldwide. It is expected by 2022 that over 60 per
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