2018 Financial Stability Report

deviation risk, or the risk that actual development of claim frequencies such as mortality, morbidity, and interest rates will deviate from actuarial assumptions, in addition to the risk of error. Reinsurance risk occurs when there is insufficient reinsurance coverage, for example, if a reinsurance company fails or there are other risks connected with reinsurance), or catastrophes (major earthquakes, floods or hurricanes affecting the financial and economic stability of countries). Asset risks affect the value, performance, returns, liquidity and structure of insurer’s investment portfolio and debtors. It includes; the market risk (changes in interest rates, equity and real estate prices and exchange rates fluctuations), credit risk (non-payment by counterparties) and liquidity risk. An insurer’s exposure to credit risk arises from the creditworthiness of the debtors with respect to both premium income and reinsurance recoveries, as well as the concentration of debtors. When analysing market risk, both sides of the balance sheet need to be considered. In particular, it is necessary to identify the market risk that is a part of “risk pass through” products under which the company bears the investment risks and rewards. Risk pass through products do not affect the risk profile of the company (except for reputation risk). These products include unit-linked products where the assets are held in the general assets of the company, group experience refund products, administration services only products and some participating life insurance products. Mismatch in the duration of assets and liabilities can expose an insurer to interest rate risk. The rate of interest is, however, often an integral part of premium rate calculation and reserve estimation, as such, interest rate risk may manifest itself in many ways, and thus total interest rate risk ought to be evaluated carefully. Although insurance companies typically face less liquidity risk than commercial banks, they still face liquidity risk; this is especially true of non-life insurance companies. The frequency, severity, and timing of claims or benefits are uncertain, so this give rise to liquidity risk. It is through this lens that risks confronting the insurance sector of ECCU is analysed. However, paucity of data precludes an extensive analysis of the sector. More needs to be done in terms of closing data gaps in the insurance sector to fully understand how it can transmit risk to the real economy and the rest of the financial sector.

Financial Stability Report 2018

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